The Parisian club has now won the season-opening cup on 14 separate occasions.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the showdown between the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup holders after the French winger found the scoring in the opening stages.
However, Marseille fired twice late to seize a shock lead. Initially, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial leveler in the final moments to send the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 shootout victory.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the past thirteen seasons.