The former player: 'I wanted to continue my rugby career'
Important note: This article includes details of racially offensive comments and conduct
Ex-England centre Luther Burrell states that going public to reveal racial discrimination in rugby union brought his professional journey to an premature end.
In a 2022 interview, Burrell characterized racism as being "widespread" in the sport, showing Whatsapp messages and remembering training ground "comments" he had been subject to while playing for Newcastle.
At that time 34 and out of contract, Burrell's only professional rugby since has been three appearances with invitational side the Barbarians.
"I have definitely had to end my career because of what occurred," he explained to media outlets.
"I wanted to continue playing, naturally I did. I sought that, and it fell through when news came out that there were inquiries underway.
"This situation was challenging - I had to simply come to terms with the fate and understand that this entire situation is a lot more important than me."
A rugby governing body report in April 2023 found Burrell's claims were true "likely correct", but stated it could not collect enough proof to definitively say they happened at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell played in all of England's international games in 2014 and 2015, but was surprisingly excluded for their squad for the 2015 tournament
Burrell revealed to media he also faced prejudice within the England set-up, during a international career that saw him earn 15 caps after his first game in 2014.
"I've had several traumatic experiences within England camp," he said.
"Certain instances of discrimination and other just outdated thinking that's really unacceptable."
Racism had become accepted in dressing rooms, in Burrell's experience.
"It's something that has been dressed up as humour and that's been the problem that I've personally experienced and witnessed," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican heritage.
"Over a period of time you just learn to believe that it's the norm and that is fine and that it's not malicious, but that's incorrect."
Burrell says he was finally motivated to speak out after a team-mate at Newcastle referred to him as a "enslaved person" and instructed him to put sunscreen on his arms and legs "where chains would be placed."
The governing body said Burrell's revelations had led to "increased scrutiny at the culture within the professional level and to the implementation of an action plan for the elite level."
"We has placed significant attention on inclusion and inclusion in the sport and a great deal of work undertaken both before and since Luther Burrell came forward and revealed his experiences of racism and classism," it added.
"The organization are ongoing work with clubs and stakeholders in the elite level to strive for a culture of inclusivity but recognize this takes time and is an continuous effort."
Every Prem and PWR club now has in-person training on creating welcoming cultures, with its success tracked via individual reports and feedback.
All England athletes, including youth squads, are educated in being "active bystanders" to step in and defend others from harmful behaviour.
"You should be so pleased of what you have done," Burrell's mother Joyce told him as part of the documentary about his experiences.
"I know it has had this impact on you and finished your career, but in our view, you have achieved so well. We are so proud of you and to have you as a family member."
Burrell's father Geoff passed away soon after the production of the film, and his sibling died recently.
Burrell, who was raised on a council estate in his hometown, continues his work to make the sport more accessible.
His charitable organization aims to connect with young people in under-served communities and help them thrive both on the pitch with complimentary sports coaching, guidance and dietary education.
"My motivations are genuine, I want to see the evolution of the sport and if others is willing to share their experience then I'll persist to advocate for that fight because I'm not just doing this for my own benefit," he said.
"We have an responsibility to make the game as excellent as it can be and the longer I talk about it hopefully the more confident others will feel about sharing their own experiences as well.
"I need to take the challenge by the horns and keep carrying this banner and keep carrying this responsibility and accomplish what I can to develop possibilities and make the sport more attractive and more welcoming.
"There are a lot of underprivileged young people and a lot of economic hardship and I sincerely believe that the sport has the ability to transform their lives, just as it transformed things for me."
Burrell scored a try for the Barbarians on a comeback to previous team Northampton in November 2022